1. CAM
   Medical practices that are not commonly used, accepted, or available in conventional medicine.
   
   
2. Behavioral medicine
   Those practices that fall mainly within the domains of conventional medicine.
   
   
3. Overlapping
   Practices that can be either CAM or behavioral medicine, depending on their application. 

Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine

Acupuncture Herbal Formulas Diet External and Internal Qi Gong Tai Chi Massage and Manipulation (Tui Na) Acupotomy

Traditional Indigenous Systems 

This subcategory includes major indigenous systems of medicine other than acupuncture and traditional oriental medicine.

Native American Medicine Ayurvedic Medicine Unani-Tibbi, SIDDHI Kampo Medicine Traditional African Medicine Traditional Aboriginal Medicine Curanderismo Central and South American Practices Psychic Surgery

Unconventional Western Systems

This subcategory includes alternative medical systems developed in the West that are not classified elsewhere.

CAM

Homeopathy Functional Medicine Environmental Medicine Radiesthesia, Psionic Medicine Cayce-based Systems Kneipp "classical"  Homeopathy Orthomolecular Medicine Radionics

Overlapping

Anthroposophically-extended Medicine

Naturopathy

This subcategory is an eclectic collection of natural systems and therapies that has gained prominence in the United States.

Phytotherapy or Herbalism

This subcategory addresses plant-derived preparations that are used for therapeutic and preventive purposes. 

Individual Herbs

Ginkgo Biloba Hypericum Garlic Ginseng Echinacea Saw Palmetto Urtica Diocia (Nettle)  Kava Kava Hawthorne Witch Hazel Bilberry Ginger Aloe Vera Capsicum Feverfew Green Tea

Tea Tree Oil Licorice Root Yohimbe Valerian Bee Pollen Cat's Claw Evening Primrose Dong Quai Fenugreek Marshmallow Psyllium Tumeric Mistletoe Mahonia Aquifolium Oleum Menthaepiperitea (Peppermint Oil)

Combinations

Padma 28 Essiac JCL 2306

Hoxsey Saw Palmetto/Pygeum Africanium

Special Diet Therapies

This subcategory includes dietary approaches and special diets that are applied as alternative therapies for risk factors or chronic disease in general. 

Pritikin Ornish McDougall Gerson Kelly-Gonzales Wigmore Livingston-Wheeler Atkins Diamond

Vegetarian Fasting High Fiber Macrobiotic Mediterranean Paleolithic Asian Natural Hygiene

Orthomolecular Medicine

This subcategory refers to products used as nutritional and food supplements (and not covered in other categories). These products are used for preventive or therapeutic purposes. They are usually used in combinations and at high doses. Examples include niacinamide for arthritis and melatonin to prevent breast cancer.

Single Nutrients

Ascorbic Acid Carotenes Tocopherols Folic Acid Niacin Niacinamide Pantothenic Acid Pyridoxine Riboflavin Thiamine Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin K Biotin Choline S-adenosylmethionine Calcium Magnesium Selenium Potassium Taurine Lysine Tyrosine Gamma-oryzanol

Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Boron Silicon Vanadium Co-enzyme Q10 Carnitine Probiotics Glutamine Phenylalanine Glucosamine Sulfate Chondroitin Sulfate Lipoic Acid Amino Acids Phosphatidylserine Melatonin DHEA Inositol Glandular Products Fatty Acids Medium Chain Triglycerides

Pharmacological, Biological and Instrumental Interventions

This subcategory includes products and procedures applied in an unconventional manner that are not covered in other categories. 

Products

Coley’s Toxins Antineoplastons Cartilage EDTA Ozone H2O2 Hyperbaric Oxygen IAT 714X MHT-68

Gallo Immunotherapy Cone Therapy Revici System Enzyme Therapies Cell Therapy Enderlin Products T/Tn Vaccine Bee Pollen Induced Remission Therapy

Procedures/Devices

Apitherapy Neural Therapy Electrodiagnostics Iridology

Chirography Special Functional Tests Bioresonance MORA Device

Chiropractic Medicine

Massage and Body Work

Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy (OMT) Cranial-Sacral OMT Swedish Massage Applied Kinesiology Reflexology Pilates Method

Polarity Body Psychotherapy Trager Body Work Alexander Technique Feldenkrais Technique Chinese Tui Na Massage and Acupressure Rolfing

Unconventional Physical Therapies

Hydrotherapy Diathermy Light and Color Therapies Heat and Electrotherapies

Colonics Alternate Nostril Breathing Techniques

VI. Biofield

Biofield Medicine involves systems that use subtle energy fields in and around the body for medical purposes.  

Therapeutic Touch Healing Science Healing Touch Natural Healing SHEN

Mariue Reiki Huna External Qi Gong Biorelax

VII. Bioelectromagnetics

Bioelectromagnetics refers to the unconventional use of electromagnetic fields for medical purposes.

STATUS OF CURRENT TRIALS

At least five large, multi-institution randomized controlled trials currently under way at the center. A study on the use of Hypericum (St John's wort) for depression at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, with additional support from the National Institute of Mental Health, is about 60% enrolled. It will be fully enrolled this year, and findings could be available for publica tion next year.

Other agents undergoing trials are Ginkgo biloba for preventing dementia, acupuncture for osteoarthritic pain, glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for osteoarthritis, and shark cartilage for lung cancer.

Four new controlled trials are planned for this year and next. They will address the treatment of hepatitis and liver injury with milk thistle; treatment of insomnia with valerian and melatonin; the use of feverfew to treat headaches; and the effect of echinacea, one of the largest-selling botanical products, on resistance to upper respiratory infection.

Congress has charged the center with facilitating the integration of CAM practices into mainstream medicine. The way to do this is to provide evidence of efficacy and safety, publish it in a peer-reviewed journal, and support educational programs for students and practitioners.

The public is increasingly using CAM. In 1997, 42% of Americans used one or more complementary modalities, up by about one third from 6 years earlier. The public chooses these practices because they believe, and some evidence suggests, that some of them sustain and improve health. But they need guidance about which practices are safe and effective." Some CAM practices are already accepted for certain situations including hypnosis, biofeedback, behavioral therapy, transcutaneous nerve stimulation for chronic pain, acupuncture, spiritual counseling, dietary changes, and aerobic exercise.

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Resources

From the National Institutes of Health @http://nccam.nih.gov/nccam/fcp/classify/index.html